Consumer behavior segmentation methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer behavior segmentation methods - Essay Example Geographic segmentation focuses on the characteristics of a population, the geographic region, and similar such characteristics tied to specific geographies. Segmentation is a natural offshoot of the insight that markets are complex, and that to be successful brand managers need to segment markets with specific needs, and responding to specific segmentation cues and messages of benefits. The four basic segmentation methods offer alternative ways of viewing and understanding such complex markets (TIS Consulting Group, 2012; Tynan and Drayton, 1987). Apple’s iPhone stands out from the competition in the way it is perceived by its customers as being premium, of offering a cool factor, of being the standard against which all other smart phones in the world are compared and measured to, and in offering an ecosystem of apps, music and other media content that both the providers of the content and apps as well as the purchasers of those content get unparalleled value in comparison to competing ecosystems and platforms, such as Android represented chiefly by Samsung smart phones. The ecosystem is not a trivial aspect of the phone, but lies at the heart of its appeal from a functional point of view. The phone serves as a gateway to the world of Apple services, and where customers become familiar to that world of services, they become entrenched and are unable to switch to other ecosystems without considerable adjustment. The ecosystem is an anchor for retaining customers as Apply churns out new models and iterations of its phone s. The ecosystem too adds to the appeal of the phone, in terms of the way the different services in themselves, and the different apps, work in ways that are optimal in iPhones, and not in other devices. For instance, Apple’s music and content services work only with the iPhone, while many apps, while also

A rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A rose for Emily Essay In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the focus is on Miss Emily and her Southern upbringing. In the South during Miss Emily’s life time for a woman not to be married was socially unacceptable. In Southern society during this time, and even today, it was encouraged and believed that to be happy it was necessary for one to be married. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a classic example of Southern literature because of the importance of family, community, religion, time and place. Miss Emily represented the importance of all of these things on Southern society. Miss Emily, is forced to conform to her father’s Southern societal values. Her family represented a monument of the past; Emily was referred to as a â€Å"fallen monument.†. She was a relic of Southern gentility and past values. She was considered fallen because she had been proven susceptible to death and decay. Like the rest of the world Miss Emily’s father chased away any and all men that tried and wanted to marry her. Miss Emily was very controlled by her father. He was very protective of her and extremely dominating. This kind of family environment for women was typical of southern society. Miss Emily herself represented, â€Å"a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation. Miss Emily was merely a product of her environment. William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† displays an ideal of the antebellum Southern society that is ofte n still associated with the south. Faulkner succeeded in writing a work of Southern literature that displays a romantic pull of the past and the idea that submission to this romance was a form of death thematically, death conquers all. The story of Miss Emily Grierson from Yaknapatawpha County is a tale depicting the romance of the South combined with the story itself created a captivating atmosphere, a world where no one wants.

Cold War Manderin Essay -- Comparative, Ngo Dinh Diem, Seth Jacobs

The book, Cold War Mandarin Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America’s War in Vietnam 1950-1963, by Seth Jacobs is a comprehensive retelling of the rise and fall of Ngo Dinh Diem’s government in South Vietnam. In that retelling Jacob focuses on the major events that took place in Vietnam as well as showed how America backed a leader that did nothing to booster his nation and led America into one of the worst wars in its history. The Diem regime was a corrupt and tyrannical government that used the United States’ fears of communism to push its own goals that ultimately led to its own demise. Jacob viewed the escalation of America’s involvement in Vietnam as the following, â€Å"The nine-year â€Å"experiment† that ended when Diem died was America’s crossover point from advice and support to active cobelligerency in a Vietnamese civil war† (8). Jacob in his book is very critical of the actions that both the Americans and Diem took in the establishment of South Vietnam. As the title of the book suggests, the author claims that Diem and his actions resulted in America becoming stuck in a war that would last over a decade. Diem, who was not very well known in either the United States as well as his own nation at the time the book starts in the early 1950s, was able to perpetuate himself into a position of power through use of both his faith as well as perpetuating generalized American fears. In the first chapter of his book, Jacobs looks at Diem’s early rise to power. Diem first worked under the French where he stood as a Minister of the Interior in the Bao Dai puppet government. Where Diem hated that the French who had control over Vietnam both economically as well as politically, one thing he hated more where the Viet Minh. The Vi... ... Ngo Dinh Diem and his regime. In Diems attempts to maintain a sense of national independence and ignoring American advisors in regards to how to manage his nation placed both himself and America in a very bad situation. Jacob broke down the reasons why Diem’s policies and decisions as head of state in Vietnam ultimately led to its demise, from his totalitarian policies and misuses of American funding/support. Jacobs does not put all blame on Diem but also points out that despite information gathered from American officials in Vietnam the American government supported a government that was unpopular and full of corruption. In the end Jacob reinforces his claim that the United States and their â€Å"Diem experiment† pushed America into a shifting relationship with Vietnam that would ultimately lock the nation into a state involvement that it could not back out of.

Essay --

What is a model? â€Å"A model is a simplified representation of reality it does not constitute reality itself. Models purposely ignore certain aspects of reality and focus on selected and related sets of crucial factors† (Segal and Spaeth 2002). In this paper, I will be discussing the three models and which model explains how justices behave the best: the legal model, the attitudinal model, and the rational model. The legal model justices vote on their preference but when given the opportunity they would vote to overturn the precedent because it does not fit their personal opinions. The attitudinal model justices are provided with the best prediction on a given case to determine how to vote. The rational model is the last model that feeds off the other models. The justices for this model vote on their preferences and not on sides. I will describe how each model links into each other. The legal Model is the behavior of judges explaining the law while making decisions. Justices tend to make judgments based off past precedent. Judges subscribe to the legal model for public consumption. J...

Laboratory Report

DISCUSSION Microorganism are organism that are too small and cannot be seen with naked eyes. The phrase of ubiquity of microorganism refers to the concept that microorganism are everywhere in our daily life surrounding. In our everyday common life ,microbes are virtually ubiquitous. They are in the air we breath,the foods we eat and as well as the skin of our fingers. Aseptic transfer is the transference of bacteria or other microbial cultures fromone container to another while maintaining purity of the culture. Pure cultures–consistof only one type of bacteria ideally the descendants from a single bacterial cell.Because microbes are present everywhere – in the air, the work area, clothes, bodies,etc. , – it is important to follow the rules for aseptic transfer at all times. This is the onlyway of controlling Contamination–Maintaining purity of culture is essential in microbiology if the biologist is to beable to identify bacteria, test for antibiotic sens itivity, or maintain stock cultures. Oftenin nature a pure culture is impossible to come by because species live together. Thescientist is left working with mixed cultures.Pure cultures can be derived from mixedcultures through isolation of cultures and this also requires that sterile (aseptic)techniques to be used. Normally transference is done from colonies. A colony consists of usuallyseveral million cells that are assumed to be the descendants from one cell. Inoculations from one media to another, therefore, is usually done by removal of a fewmillion cells from one colony into a new environment. This must be done with theintegrity of all colonies remaining intact. Through the use of sterile techniques, this canbe accomplished successfully.There are a number of tools that are used for inoculation procedures. Inoculating loops are used when transferring members of a broth culture to another broth, platedmedia or an agar slant. Inoculating needles-are used when inoculating a broth culturefrom a colony on plated media or when making a stab in an agar deep or agar slantfrom broth or solid media. Forceps -are used to place sterile disks containing sometesting agent in a broth culture or on a solid media culture. Pipets-are used when transferring liquids into other liquids or onto solid media.Flaming-is used to incinerate any microbes left on loops and needles. Alcohol flaming-is used to sterilize forceps. When flaming inoculating loops and needles, careshould be taken avoid burning the plastic handle at the end of each. The metal of theloop or needle should glow red hot and then be allowed to cool before dipping it into any cultures – if the metal is too hot it will kill the organisms that are to be used for inoculation. Alcohol flaming for the forceps is done by dipping the forceps into a smallamount of alcohol and then burning the alcohol off.The forceps should be dipped andburned three times. Care should be taken to avoid alcohol running up toward the hand. The flame will follow the alcohol and burns will result. Pipets normally used in lab are prepackaged, sterile, disposable pipets. Sometimes glass pipets are used and these are stored in cans. The glass pipets arediscarded into a pipet jar filled with disinfectant. Disposable pipets are deposited inbiohazard bags. It is important that pipettors are always used and pipetting by mouth isprohibited.

Educational Human Resources

There are various ways of looking at the cultural integration of the diverse population of the US. One view is that of the "melting pot," which proposes the people of different races and ethnicity should "blend together and assimilate into a common national culture" (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000, p. 75). A viewing countering this is to envision a "multicultural society," which suggests that different ethic groups can retain their culture and learn to coexist with each other (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000). While the "melting pot" scenario has been traditionally dominant among European-descended Americans, there has always been a strong undercurrent of multiculturalism (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000). Historians tell us that the US was never the homogenous culture that is presented by some traditionalists and conservatives. Diversity management is a concept that embraces the multicultural perspective. Within the field of education, it suggests that schools should not only consider the d iverse nature of its student population, but that administration policies should promote the "systematic and planned commitment" of the organization to "recruit, retain, reward and promote a heterogeneous mix of employees" (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000, p. 75). The demographics of the typical undergraduate student body have changed drastically over the course of the last decade. For example, one-third of American students are now minorities, which is up from 25 percent just a decade ago (Mellow, Van Slyck and Eynon, 2003). Forty percent of all undergraduates are now part-time students and 40 percent are over the age of 24, with 80 percent commuting to campus (Mellow, Van Slyck and Eynon, 2003). More than a quarter of these students are parents and 80 percent are employ, either full or part-time (Mellow, Van Slyck and Eynon, 2003). Furthermore, diversity is also indicative of the public school population. The National Center for Education Statistics, in th... Educational Human Resources Free Essays on Diversity Management/Educational Human Resources There are various ways of looking at the cultural integration of the diverse population of the US. One view is that of the "melting pot," which proposes the people of different races and ethnicity should "blend together and assimilate into a common national culture" (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000, p. 75). A viewing countering this is to envision a "multicultural society," which suggests that different ethic groups can retain their culture and learn to coexist with each other (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000). While the "melting pot" scenario has been traditionally dominant among European-descended Americans, there has always been a strong undercurrent of multiculturalism (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000). Historians tell us that the US was never the homogenous culture that is presented by some traditionalists and conservatives. Diversity management is a concept that embraces the multicultural perspective. Within the field of education, it suggests that schools should not only consider the d iverse nature of its student population, but that administration policies should promote the "systematic and planned commitment" of the organization to "recruit, retain, reward and promote a heterogeneous mix of employees" (Ivancevich and Gilbert, 2000, p. 75). The demographics of the typical undergraduate student body have changed drastically over the course of the last decade. For example, one-third of American students are now minorities, which is up from 25 percent just a decade ago (Mellow, Van Slyck and Eynon, 2003). Forty percent of all undergraduates are now part-time students and 40 percent are over the age of 24, with 80 percent commuting to campus (Mellow, Van Slyck and Eynon, 2003). More than a quarter of these students are parents and 80 percent are employ, either full or part-time (Mellow, Van Slyck and Eynon, 2003). Furthermore, diversity is also indicative of the public school population. The National Center for Education Statistics, in th...

The Buraku - Untouchables of Japan

The Buraku - Untouchables of Japan During the Tokugawa Shogunates rule in Japan, the samurai class sat atop a four-tier social structure. Below them were farmers and fishermen, artisans, and merchants. Some people, however, were lower than the lowest of merchants; they were considered less than human, even. Although they were genetically and culturally indistinguishable from other people in Japan, the buraku was forced to live in segregated neighborhoods, and could not mingle with any of the higher classes of people. The buraku was universally looked down upon, and their children were denied an education. The reason? Their jobs were those designated as unclean by Buddhist and Shinto standards - they worked as butchers, tanners, and executioners. Their jobs were tainted by their association with death. Another type of outcast, the hinin or sub-human, worked as prostitutes, actors, or geisha. History of Burakumin Orthodox Shinto and Buddhism consider contact with death unclean. Therefore those in occupations where they are involved in slaughtering or processing meat are avoided. These occupations were considered lowly for many centuries, and impoverished or dislocated people may have been more likely to turn to them. They formed their own villages separated from those who would shun them. The feudal laws of Tokugawa period, starting in 1603, codified these divisions. Buraku could not move out of their untouchable status to join one of the other four castes. While there was social mobility for others, they had no such privilege. When interacting with others, burakumin  had to show subservience and could not have any physical contact with those of the four  castes. They were literally untouchables. After the Meiji Restoration, the Senmin Haishirei edict abolished the ignoble classes and gave the outcasts equal legal status. The ban on meat from livestock resulted in an opening of slaughterhouse and butcher occupations to the burakumin. However, the social stigma and discrimination continued. Descent from the burakumin could be deduced from ancestral villages and neighborhoods where the burakumin lived, even if individuals dispersed. Meanwhile, those who moved to those neighborhoods  or professions could themselves be identified as burakumin even without ancestors from those villages. Continued Discrimination Against the Burakumin The plight of the buraku is not just a part of history. Discrimination is faced by descendants of buraku even today. Buraku families still live in segregated neighborhoods in some Japanese cities. While it is not legal, lists circulate identifying burakumin, and they are discriminated against in hiring and in arranging marriages. Numbers of burakumin range from an official tally of around one million to over three million as assessed by the Buraku Liberation League. Denied social mobility, some join the yakuza, or organized crime syndicates, where it is a meritocracy. Approximately 60 percent of yakuza members are from burakumin backgrounds. Nowadays, however, a civil rights movement is having some success in improving the lives of modern-day buraku families. It is disheartening that even in an ethnically homogenous society, people will still find a way to create an outcast group for everyone else to look down upon.

Neologisms Come and Go

Neologisms Come and Go Neologisms Come and Go Neologisms Come and Go By Mark Nichol New words are being developed all the time, and there’s nothing we can do to stop this continuous expansion of our vocabulary- other than stop speaking, writing, and thinking, that is. After all, every word was new once. However, the lexicographical graveyard is crowded both with words that never caught on and with others that were long ubiquitous but are now obsolete. And though many dictionary entries have existed for decades, and quite a few are centuries old, many neologisms do not survive. Dictionary.com recently announced that it is adding about 300 new words to its website and updating nearly 2,000 more definitions to reflect changes and additions to word meanings. Some of the new words have been coined in response to an evolving understanding of gender and sexuality. For example, hijra, borrowed from Hindustani, refers to transgender people. (Some Asian countries have begun to recognize as a third gender people who identify as a gender other than the one they were assigned at birth.) Misgender is a term pertaining to the misidentification of a person’s gender. Panromantic denotes someone whose sexual attraction is not limited by gender. Meanwhile, ze is the result of a persistent effort among gender activists to remedy the awkward absence of an official English pronoun that pertains to both- ahem, all- genders. (Here’s the already widely accepted solution to that problem.) No matter what your opinion about gender fluidity or gender identity, such words will continue to elbow their way into dictionaries; after all, they fill a need that some people believe exists. These specific terms might not survive, but because art imitates life, the art of verbal expression will always evolve to reflect changes to culture and society. Other words that pertain to gender or sexuality but have more jocular senses are more likely to be ephemeral. New Dictionary.com entries in these categories that no one should bet on include lumbersexual, a play on metrosexual- does anyone use that word anymore?- that refers to men who affect outdoorsy-looking attire in urban settings; manspread, referring to the habit among some males of claiming more than their fair share of seating space by parting their legs widely; and presstitute, a portmanteau word of sorts describing a journalist biased toward financial interests. Then there’s â€Å"mom jeans,† a phrase referring to an unfashionable item of clothing. One can influence the acceptance or rejection of terms on a small scale by refusing to use them or by avoiding publications or programs that do so, but development of new vocabulary terms is an organic process that, like life itself, is not easily suppressed. But as is the case with new types of life-forms, many new words will not prevail. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsWhat to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowPunctuation Is Powerful

Classical Social Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Classical Social Theory - Essay Example In Condorcet's historical account of the heroic march of human reason, it is invariably priestly deception and barbarity which threatens future progress or plunges mankind into lengthy periods of darkness and ignorance. Speaking for many of his philosophe peers, Condorcet depicts the Middle Ages as history's bleakest epoch: "Nothing could penetrate the profound darkness save a few shafts of talent, a few rays of kindness and magnanimity. Man's only achievements were theological day-dreaming and superstitious imposture, his only morality religious intolerance." The French enlightenment's special virulence toward the contemporary institutions of organized religion can be attributed to the uniquely powerful position of the French clergy as members of the ruling elite. The resolution of the Gallican controversy in 1682 cemented an especially close relationship between the clergy and the crown in France. Moreover, French religious dissenters and freethinkers confronted an especially hostile and oppressive environment in the aftermath of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, guaranteeing minimal toleration to Protestants, in 1685. This atmosphere of intolerance and rigid absolutism bred a particularly bitter anticlericalism; the perceived power machinations and profligacy of the clergy encouraged scathing denunciations of priestly hypocrisy and cynical manipulation. In relatively more tolerant Protestant England, such intense animosity was unlikely to arise. Nonetheless, the basic principles of enlightenment thought produced skeptical and crit ical accounts of revealed religion across national boundaries, and English deists were especially active in promulgating the foundation for a more rational, simplified, and less doctrinaire faith. Voltaire, Letters in England , trans. Leonard Tancock (New York: Penguin Books, 1980), 120. In his final letter from England, Voltaire systematically attempts to dismantle the claims of Blaise Pascal in the Pensees. Profoundly disturbed by the "hateful light" in which Pascal appears to depict man, Voltaire proposes to "champion humanity against this sublime misanthropist." Voltaire's crusade against Pascal's misanthropy neatly illustrates many of the central objections which enlightenment thinkers made against religion, and Christianity in particular. Voltaire, Letters in England , trans. Leonard Tancock (New York: Penguin Books, 1980), 120-122. Voltaire, a relative moderate on religious questions, does not actually seek to dismantle belief in God.' Rather, he takes exception to the misery, wickedness, and helplessness which Pascal, attributes to mankind's natural condition, as well as the social disarray which is held to follow from man's corruption. Claiming that Pascal "attributes to the essence of our nature what applies only to certain men," Voltaire does not accept that original sin is a permanent and irrevocable stain on all of humanity.' Rather, he insists that man has both good and bad impulses, and that we can use our reason to govern our passions so as to lead upright lives: "He [man] is, like everything else

Event management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Event management - Essay Example 9). Events tend to have a range of social, cultural, political, economic and environmental impact on the regions and avenues where they are held and organized (Getz 2007). In that context, event management happens to be a large scale activity involving the processes and strategies as per which the events are planned, choreographed and presented. And, not to say, events do have the potential to have a positive or negative impact on the varied social, economic, cultural and political aspects of the environment amidst which an event is organized. The modern day events have a range of stakeholders associated with them and the events stakeholder management involves managing the expectations of any entity associated with an event or is bound to be impacted by the outputs or deliverables of an event (Business Tourism Partnership Mission 2007). Hence, event impact and events stakeholder management happen to be the integral aspects of events management process, taking care of which assures a seamless and viable management and delivery of any event. Event Impact Event impact in its scope tends to be a very broad based concept. Simply speaking event impact may be considered to be the consequences bore by the event environment including the human population in which any public or private event is held and the way in which an event alters the social life, economy, cultural aspects, political considerations and environment in which the event is organized and held (Maughan & Bianchini 2004). It goes without saying that any event always has an economic, social, cultural and environmental impact on the environment in which the event is organized (Dwyer, Forsyth & Spurr 2005). The ramifications of these impacts may be positive or negative. The present day events do not occur in isolation, but do tend to have interrelated interactions and links with a much larger picture involving leisure, hospitality industry, tourism, entertainment and environment (Lee & Taylor 2004). Events do tend to entice local and international visitors, who are either directly related to the production and organization of the event or tend to participate in a passive way as spectators (Small, Edwards & Sheridan 2005, pp. 67). Visitors affiliated to either of the two classifications may tend to consume and avail varied other industries and environments associated with an event, thereby having a direct impact on a variety of factors related to or associated with an event (Getz 2007b). Hence, it goes without saying that the contemporary events are replete with many associated impacts and consequences. Attendance tends to be the most visible and potent impact of an event that facilitates a direct assessment of an events popularity and coverage (Raj 2003). Besides, attendance is the entity that facilitates a basis for expecting and assessing a range of other impacts associated with any event (Raj 2003). Also, when it comes to the economic impact of any event, the organization of an event at a particular locale may give way to a range of economic impacts on the local and national economy (Connell & Page 2005, pp. 63). Thereby, economic impact of an event

Yoko Ono's Relationship with Popular Culture Essay

Yoko Ono's Relationship with Popular Culture - Essay Example The essay "Yoko Ono's relationship with popular culture" investigates the great talent of the famous artist and her role in the context of culture. Paper gives details from her life and activity. It is almost fifty years ago, when people started thinking of Yoko Ono as that woman. She was aged 27 years and lived in New York. Paper discover Yoko Ono's background that partly explains radical works and performances. The performances include ''Cut Piece'' that she did in 1965. It is here that she sat impassively like Bodhisattva, while the audience slowly one by one cut off her clothes. This was an amazing feminist manifesto as by then most people did not know what feminism was. It was about exhibitionism and sex. Similar to her other works she did, it rebuffed parent’s mores in a great way. But in the performance, of importance was the element of ritual violence. This was not like seppuku but a theatrical version of self-sacrifice. This was a recurrent theme around Yoko Ono's pub lic life. Yoko Ono can be considered as a muse. This does not only apply to John Lennon whose devotion and love for her resulted in the most interesting and beautiful artworks of his career. She was a pioneering artist, activist, musician, and feminist. Yoko Ono has influenced to a great extent those artists who are daring enough in pushing at and experimenting the imaginary distinctions and boundaries between media and art forms. Her talent was formidable but the prominent quality in her painting works was her spirit.

Literary analysis paper on 2 chronicles 33 1-20 Essay

Literary analysis paper on 2 chronicles 33 1-20 - Essay Example The narrator wished to further his anti-Manasseh sentiments in verses 7-8, relaying how Manasseh was purposely trying to rebut God’s orders regarding his temple to invite his wrath, knowing full well what had happened to tribes of the past who had succumbed to God’s contempt and had been driven out of the land. In verse 9, Manasseh is described as an evil force who led others to the wrong path as well, in the process doing more evil than the people of the past. This more or less sets the scene for God’s resolution with regards to Manasseh to come. That is not to say God does not give Manasseh a chance to improve. In verse 10, God’s goodness is demonstrated when he gives Manasseh and his people a chance to mend his ways. However, in 11-12, Manasseh’s refusal to accept God’s advice angers the Lord further, so that he resorts to resolve the matter by getting Manasseh capture by Babylon in a humiliating way. Manasseh then seeks forgiveness and pr ays to the Lord in verse 13, who listens to his plea and rids him from the clutches of Babylon bringing him back to his kingdom in Jerusalem. This reaffirms Manasseh’s faith in the Lord. ... In verse 18, Manasseh becomes an example for kings and the narrator mentions how his name goes down in the history accounts of the Kings of Israel, referencing further reading at the end of the verse. In verse 19, a summary account is given of the past happenings, of how Manasseh’s prayer was accepted and his land rid of evil by him, referenced again by further reading, in order to secure a place for him with his ancestors in his palace upon his dead in verse 20. He is taken over by his successor Amon, his son as a way of bringing Manasseh’s life to an end. Interpretative Problem The literal narrative brings about an interpretative problem that is central to the theme. It demonstrates that all evil, no matter how obscene and disproportionate to man’s inherent goodness, is redeemable by repentance. God, the all merciful, has a soft spot for those who repent if His creation calls out to Him in prayer. This in a way suggests that a person who goes against Godâ€℠¢s wishes and commands would more than likely cause himself to be addressed by Him in a much more direct way, thus inviting his curiosity and bringing about an insight in God that eventually leads to salvation. This inherent theme to life has a very pivotal criticism, in such that, if the assumption of salvation is made regarding anyone who repents his sins, then is it not also possible for the devil to do the same? This notion is readily defeated if the concept of God’s discretion is invoked. God forgives what he chooses to forgive, and is not bound by prayer alone. In verse 13, in response to Manasseh’s plea for forgiveness and help, God’s eternal compassion was evoked in a discretionary fashion. He chose to forgive

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Globalization - Essay Example Of the two opposing arguments Moore’s although more optimistic is only partially convincing. Chossudovsky’s argument on the other hand, although pessimistic appears to be more realistic and appreciative of the world’s general state of affairs. Michel Moore is optimistic in his general outlook and draws on the difficulties of the past and how the world has grown in a positive direction as a result. He takes the position that as a result of world wars and the great depression a ‘new system of global structures’ (Moore. P. 1) such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the international Monetary Fund and the International Trade Organization help is available to those third world countries that cannot help themselves. It is true that world conflicts have resulted in the creation of global structures. But in the grand scheme of things they are powerless to eradicate poverty and the resulting health crisis. As Chossudovsky points out in his publication Globalization of Poverty ‘In the 1990s, famines at the local level have erupted in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and parts of Latin America; health clinics and schools have been closed down; hundreds of millions of children have been denied the right to primary education. In the Third World, Eastern Europe and the Balkans, there has been a resurgence of infectious diseases including tuberculosis, malaria and cholera.’ (Chossudovsky. P1) Moore argues that international solidarity is the key to lending aide to those less fortunate than ourselves and extols the virtue of trading with the lesser developed countries. He suggests buying coffee from Uganda and perhaps T-shirts from Bangladesh and goes on to say ‘embrace the outside world, not shun it.† (Moore. P.2) When societies are open to one another, they share their ideas and their culture. Moore offer the European Economics Community as an example of the results of opening

Literary analysis paper on 2 chronicles 33 1-20 Essay

Literary analysis paper on 2 chronicles 33 1-20 - Essay Example The narrator wished to further his anti-Manasseh sentiments in verses 7-8, relaying how Manasseh was purposely trying to rebut God’s orders regarding his temple to invite his wrath, knowing full well what had happened to tribes of the past who had succumbed to God’s contempt and had been driven out of the land. In verse 9, Manasseh is described as an evil force who led others to the wrong path as well, in the process doing more evil than the people of the past. This more or less sets the scene for God’s resolution with regards to Manasseh to come. That is not to say God does not give Manasseh a chance to improve. In verse 10, God’s goodness is demonstrated when he gives Manasseh and his people a chance to mend his ways. However, in 11-12, Manasseh’s refusal to accept God’s advice angers the Lord further, so that he resorts to resolve the matter by getting Manasseh capture by Babylon in a humiliating way. Manasseh then seeks forgiveness and pr ays to the Lord in verse 13, who listens to his plea and rids him from the clutches of Babylon bringing him back to his kingdom in Jerusalem. This reaffirms Manasseh’s faith in the Lord. ... In verse 18, Manasseh becomes an example for kings and the narrator mentions how his name goes down in the history accounts of the Kings of Israel, referencing further reading at the end of the verse. In verse 19, a summary account is given of the past happenings, of how Manasseh’s prayer was accepted and his land rid of evil by him, referenced again by further reading, in order to secure a place for him with his ancestors in his palace upon his dead in verse 20. He is taken over by his successor Amon, his son as a way of bringing Manasseh’s life to an end. Interpretative Problem The literal narrative brings about an interpretative problem that is central to the theme. It demonstrates that all evil, no matter how obscene and disproportionate to man’s inherent goodness, is redeemable by repentance. God, the all merciful, has a soft spot for those who repent if His creation calls out to Him in prayer. This in a way suggests that a person who goes against Godâ€℠¢s wishes and commands would more than likely cause himself to be addressed by Him in a much more direct way, thus inviting his curiosity and bringing about an insight in God that eventually leads to salvation. This inherent theme to life has a very pivotal criticism, in such that, if the assumption of salvation is made regarding anyone who repents his sins, then is it not also possible for the devil to do the same? This notion is readily defeated if the concept of God’s discretion is invoked. God forgives what he chooses to forgive, and is not bound by prayer alone. In verse 13, in response to Manasseh’s plea for forgiveness and help, God’s eternal compassion was evoked in a discretionary fashion. He chose to forgive

Law Enforcement Supervision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law Enforcement Supervision - Assignment Example Leadership and Organizational Culture Negative images and observations of people within the law enforcement organizations create an unpleasant working environment. In turn, this adversely influences organizational effectiveness, which is needed to counter crime, turmoil and other services. Society is deprived of quality and expected police services due to the unhealthy functioning of the police agencies. A prosperous, fostering working environment enables police agencies to focus on providing premium police services in a time of meager resources. Every police organization has its own unique sub-culture (Crank & Caldero, 2000). In spite of this, police organizations share certain characteristics, which make them similar due to shared experiences. All police agencies deem themselves to be paramilitary agencies, different from the mainstream community, who are required to be hyper-vigilant all around the clock (Gilmartin, 2002). Likewise, they experience tedium, are compelled to work wh ile others go on vacations, and most importantly they live through life and death experiences together. Consequently, they became bound together in an emotional culture. This culture also serves to glue supervisors to the people and agencies they serve in. Additionally, it delineates the Cop confidential conduct in relation to promotions; and the act of getting detached from one police subculture and being bound to another. John G. Serier has noted in his report, that a mutual experience amongst first-line police supervisors was ‘leaving the stock’ (Serier J. , 2003). Initially in their career, supervisors occupy the same position as line officers, working sidelong them. However, promotion to supervisor separates them from others they had worked with for years. Hence, acceptance by peers of a police officer is an integral and prized stage for them (Manning, 1989). Becoming a supervisor denotes the leave of an officer from his peer group. Additionally, it also signifies seeking acceptance of novel peers and upper level management of police agencies. Supervisory models Supervisors act as influential figures for other officers owing to various mechanisms. For instance, the command supervisory model focuses on the formal authority in the hands of supervisors. It advocates that adherence to bureaucratic standards and setting high performance standards can positively influence subordinates’ behavior (Allen & Maxfield, 1983). However, the downside is that the command model mitigates the task environment. As opposed to this, the bargaining supervisory model advocates mutual dependence of supervisors and officers. Officers need to seek small favors from supervisors such as favorable working schedules, partners, cases, departmental discipline, and the like factors. On the other hand, supervisors are dependent on subordinates’ productivity and maintain a low profile to keep out of problems. This reciprocity instead of the authoritative chain of command positively affects the behavior of subordinates. The impact of supervisors will be then equal to the benefits that will be provided to the subordinates. However, these benefits are restricted in public agencies like police organizations that are governed by civil service laws. Hence, it can be concluded that subordinates’ attitudes are modestly affected by the priorities of supervisors. Transactional leadership

American Indian Education Essay Example for Free

American Indian Education Essay In this article the author argues that the American government should provide the Indian society the opportunity to create their own institution, for further education. He believes the American culture is being forced upon Indian society through education. Arthur C Parker believes in further education, as he himself is a no graduate from Dickinson Seminary. In his experience, Indian Students are being taught to assimilate to common American culture, while disregarding there own family tree. He states that by placing an Indian University, students would be granted the opportunity to further there education, as well as, the opportunity to embrace there own culture. Based upon Indian culture, Indians will be able to expand there education at a superior level, while never being forced to be similar to the white race. The American Indian wouldn’t be no less than an American, now be treated any differently, but he believed that the Indian had the opportunity to be granted the same education. Furthermore, he feels like no other Indian should be left out of the proper education they deserve. In conclusion, Arthur C. Parker strongly stands up for his believes, and does bend his head in shame, he is proud to be and Indian. Considering the time frame, 1913, where America is a developing nation of many cultures, the brining of a single race institution would cause a big controversy. America is known as the â€Å"Melting Pot†, where there is a variety of different cultures. To one, this article will seem to be talking back to American society. Parker has a strong believe and feels like this will improve the Indians education. I believe that he is so passionate for the American Indian University because he did not have the opportunity to complete his education, probably because he didn’t feel comfortable in his learning environment. In my perspective, this article is important, but nothing extraordinary from modern days, this issue continues with other races. The opportunity to have a single race intuition would’ve meant that every single race would have that same right, one has to be accustomed to what America is, as of today, a mixture of many cultures and beliefs. In my opinion, any student who believes, and want a higher education, will do so in any environment they are in.

Structuralism And Edward Titchener Psychology Essay

Structuralism And Edward Titchener Psychology Essay Edward Titchener was a famous psychologist who was born in Chichester, England in 1867. He studied physiology, classics, and philosophy at Malvern College and Oxford University before pursuing his doctorate degree in clinical psychology at the University of Leipzig (King, Viney, Woody, 2009). While at the University of Leipzig, Titchener studied under Wilhelm Wundt, a psychologist who is known as the father of experimental psychology (Schultz Schultz, 2011). After Titchener completed his doctoral degree in Germany, he attempted to obtain a job in England, but was not successful in doing so. He ended up earning a job at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York as a professor of psychology. At the age of 28, Titchener earned the title of full professor at Cornell (King et al., 2009). While at Cornell, Titchener published eight books, over 60 articles, and translated much of Wundts work into English (Schultz Schultz, 2011). As the head of one of the most rigorous doctoral program in the United States, he supervised over 50 students in the clinical psychology program at Cornell (King et al., 2009). Titcheners first student who graduated was Margaret Floy Washburn, who later became famous for her work in comparative psychology, which is the study of human behavior in relation to animals and other species (King et al., 2009). In a time period when most schools would not accept women into their programs, Titchener had 19 women graduate under his supervision. This was the most of any other male psychologist in his generation (Hergenhahn, 2008). Titchener structured the doctoral program at Cornell based on the German model, which included an intense mixture of lab research and independent work. While his students worked independently, he was heavily involved in helping them out with their research. Titchener was described as having a powerful personality, a strong character, and a paternalistic way with his students (King et al., 2009). Wundt and Titchener both believed in using introspection to discover the mental elements of human experience. Both of these scientists also believed that identifying and classifying sensations and feelings were an essential part of understanding the human experience (Chung Hyland, 2012). However, Titchener felt images were a category of mental elements, and Wundt did not. Both Wundt and Titchener used an experimental approach in their work. However, Wundt believed that psychology cannot only be studied as an experimental science. He felt that psychology should also be studied through historical analyses and naturalistic observation (Chung Hyland, 2012). In addition, Wundt believed that the methods used to study psychology could be utilized to describe social customs, religion, myths, morals, art, law, and language (King et al., 2009). Titcheners view was more rigid in that he only believed that psychology could be studied in the laboratory through evidence-based methods. Another di fference between Titchener and Wundt was that Wundt believed that physical events could be explained by antecedent events, and that higher psychological processes could not be studied in the laboratory (Schultz Schultz, 2011). Titchener only studied psychology through introspection, focusing on internal processes (Hergenhahn, 2008). Titcheners goal for psychology was to make it an accepted science, classified in the same category as physics and chemistry (King et al., 2009). He firmly believed that psychology should be studied in a laboratory, and that studying psychology was no different than studying physics, chemistry, and other hard sciences. Titcheners view on psychology was called Structuralism. He believed that human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors could be charted on a table as elements are on the periodic table. Titcheners view was reductionistic in that he did not feel it was important to understand how the parts of the mind worked together as a whole, but just the individual parts themselves. He felt that if each part could be understood then all one would need to do is to learn how these parts interact to conclude in a thought or behavior. Structuralism had five main goals for psychology; 1) to study it using specific methods, 2) to provide more definitions in the field of psychology, 3) to use it to make assumptions about more general philosophical issues, 4) to make connections between the physical sciences and psychology, and 5) to prove that psychology should be in the same category as the hard sciences. Titchener believed that all science begins with experience, and that without this, there could be no cognition or knowledge. He felt that experiences could have various points of view depending on the person who is experiencing the situation. Titchener believed that the main difference between the accepted physical sciences and psychology was that psychological experience was dependent on human judgment, and the other physical sciences were not dependent on human experience. While Titchener had many goals for psychology, he identified the current problems with psychology, and why it was not an accepted science. Titchener believed that the basic elements of experience needed to be identified and categorized. Next, understanding how each element interacts with another was essential to understanding human experience. Finally, causal relations between experiences needed to be identified. Titchener believed that the method of studying psychology was not different than any other science. While hard scientists used inspection to make many of their observations, Titchener called the observation by psychologists introspection. While many criticized introspection due to its subjective nature, Titchener firmly believed introspection could be objective if individuals were formally trained in the practice. Introspection was a scientific form of observation in Titcheners eyes. According to Titchener, observation is considered scientific if it has three properties; 1) one can isolate the experience, 2) the experience can be varied, and 3) the experience can be repeated. Titchener believed that the senses were the key access points to the mind. One of his specific goals was to identify mental elements connected to each sense. After he identified each element, Titchener wanted to categorize the elements. The three mental elements that Titchener identified were: 1) affections, which were emotions, 2) images, which were ideas, memories, and thoughts, and 3) sensation, which related to perception. He believed that all sensations had four characteristics; 1) quality, which was the main descriptor, 2) intensity, which was the strength or amount, 3) clearness, which was how clearly the sensation could be identified, and 4) duration, which was the duration of the sensation. The mental elements could have more than these four characteristics, but all had these. The only mental element that did not have all four was affections because Titchener did not believe that emotions were distinct or easy to identify. Titchener had a unique view on the mind and body rel ationship. Titchener believed that the mind and body influence each other, but that they were two different views of the same experience. According to him, the mind and body were parallel and never physically interacted, but one could influence the other. Some historians classified Titchener as a psychophysical parallelist, but this was controversial. This may have been thought to be controversial because s true parallelist would never say that the mind and body could influence one another in any way. Another unique aspect to Titcheners opinion on the mind and body relationship was that he did not believe in commonsense interactionism. This was likely due to his empiricist nature that everything had to be objectively studied in a lab setting. Titchener influenced many aspects of psychology that are important today. The first area of psychology that Titchener was interested in was attention. He separated attention into two categories; primary and secondary. Primary attention was passive and involuntary. It was influenced by intense stimuli, and thought to be related to novel and sudden stimuli. According to Titchener, secondary attention was active and voluntary. This involved attention under situations in which one needs to actively concentrate when distractors are in the environment. Titchener felt that this was related to advanced stages of development, and that infants were not capable of secondary attention. Another area of psychology that Titchener was interested in was associations. Titchener wanted to analyze how the mental elements of human experience interact; therefore, understanding associations was important to him. Titchener appreciated how philosophers such as Aristotle, Hobbes, and Bain placed a large emphasis on association. Titchener proposed that all association can be broken down to the law of contiguity. He felt that every law of association involved contiguity. Titchener also believed that emotions do not play an important part in association. Titchener stated, feelings only play a role by virtue of their sensory and imaginal components, and not their affective character (Cite). Titchener thought highly of Ebbinghauss work with nonsense syllables in regard to understanding association, but he felt that Ebbinghaus was missing an important component, intrinsic meaning. Titchener believed that personal impressions and associative processes operate together, and they cannot be separated. Titchener understood that intrinsic processes in humans are impo rtant, and cannot be left out when studying association. A third area of psychology that Titchener studied was meaning. Titchener believed that meaning, from a psychological perspective, had everything to do with context. In his opinion, meaning was a combination of the laws of attention and the laws of the connection of sensations. Titchener believed that everything humans see and experience had a context and a background. He understood that when individuals process things, memories of their past experiences play a large role in how they interpret what they experience. Titchener felt that the context of a situation or object was the psychological equivalent of its actual meaning. Interestingly, he noted that humans frequently had difficulty in identifying their own contexts when doing introspection. Emotion was another area that Titchener was interested in studying. In the area of emotion, Titchener had a problem with the James-Lange theory, which states that humans experience emotions based on how the body behaves. For example, when we see a bear, we run, and then become afraid. There were a number of reasons why Titchener had a problem with this theory. First, he believed it was not a novel theory, in that Descarte and Spinoza discussed physical origins of emotions. Next, Titchener felt that there were specific flaws in this theory. He argued that physical changes in the body may look exactly the same for different emotions. For example, when somebody is crying, it could be tears of joy as opposed to tears of despair. In addition, Titchener felt that bodily sensations were too simple of an explanation for emotions, which are complicated and not easily defined. He wrote in detail about how difficult categorizing emotions was, and stated that most theorists that attempt to understand and classify emotions do it subjectively, and their theories a re not scientific. Toward the end of Titcheners career, he became frustrated with his inability to identify and quantify all of the mental processes in human experience. Instead of having three main elements (Images, sensation, and affections), he proposed that affect was simply a byproduct of sensations images and sensations. Specifically, Titchener believed that affect may have been a form of sensation on a spectrum from pleasant to unpleasant. In addition, he proposed that images may have been a type of sensation. Titchener separated himself from trying to identify and classify all mental processes, and grew to feel that human experience was more abstract and on a spectrum. Titcheners Structuralism eventually was overtaken by behaviorism for a number of reasons. It was hard to defend introspection as an objective, scientific method. It was thought that individuals may not accurately report what they feel and experience. Next, structuralism placed no weight on psychological development, personality, abnormal behavior, learning, individual differences, evolution, and practicality. Behaviorism focused on what could be observed, and the relationship between external events and behavior. This lead to a great understanding in learning, performance, and the origin of behaviors. Most importantly, the methods of behaviorism were practical, quantifiable, measurable, classifying them as credibly scientific. Behaviorists criticized Structuralists for focusing too much on the internal, which cannot be observed. Behaviorists the studied cause and effect of behavior focusing on external events in the environment. This was more practical and effective than methods such as introspection. While Titcheners structuralism was too rigid to survive, it paved an important path in the field of psychology for its future. He was the first to fight a fight that has gone on for years, making psychology classified as a true, empirically-based science. Titchener also touched on areas in psychology that are crucial in the field today such as attention, association, meaning, and emotion. While he was not never able to create a periodic table of the mental elements of experience, his empirically-based methods are used today in many areas of psychology.

Good Use :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Good Use (Memo sent to co-workers from the president of a Fortune 200 company) Yo, hommies...Your work here has been the bomb lately. Let's meet at that happening bar and guzzle down some. If you can't come, give da man a jungle! Da Prez. (A letter sent to a kindergardener from his parents) Dear Son, On this being your first day on your road of formal education, we wish you well. Please acquire vast knowledge, have great enjoyment, and we will await your return to inform us about your duration at school. Look over these two examples of writing. Neither of them seem acceptable here. Might it be because 'Good Use' was not put to good use? These two examples of writing may be exceptable for some people but they are definitely are not acceptable in these situations. For example, because a president of a Fortune 200 company holds such a prestigious position in the work force, he should not be portraying a gang style image to his employees. On the other hand, a child should not be expected to understand the stuffy-languaged letter from his parents. There are several classes of writing that are used everyday between different people. A person who is able to judge when to use a particular style of writing in a given circumstance and is able to use it proficiently is a person who knows how to use the English language well. As I said, there are many classes of correct English depending upon what situation you are in. A young child would not have an extensive vocabulary so their accepted written English would be of a very simple and possibly misspelled style. An African-American teenager may write in Ebonics and try to stylize the writing to portray a gang image if he/she is trying to act tough amongst their friends. High school and college students would write in the "cool" language that is accepted amongst their peers, abbreviate words, and have incomplete sentence structure because between friends, they would know what each is talking about. Also, a business professional would write in polite terms and use knowledgeable words pertaining to their particular field of work. One single person may have several classes of correct English that they use throughout their day. One example may be of a graduate student. This graduate student goes to school, has friends, and may have a job in their field of study. Therefore, this person would use his written business English style at his workplace, the "cool" English style of writing among friends, and a scholarly English style for his graduate school work.

Film Noir and Billy Wilder’s Sunset Boulevard Essay -- Film, Movies, d

Film Noir, a term coined by the French to describe a style of film characterized by dark themes, storylines, and visuals, has been influencing cinematic industries since the 1940’s. With roots in German expressionistic films and Italian postwar documentaries, film noir has made its way into American film as well, particularly identified in mob and crime pictures. However, such settings are not exclusive to American film noir. One noteworthy example is Billy Wilder’s film Sunset Boulevard, which follows the foreboding tale of Joe Gillis, the desperate-for-success protagonist, who finds himself in the fatal grips of the disillusioned femme fatale Norma Desmond. Not only does the storyline’s heavy subject matter and typical character structure suggest the film noir style, but also Wilder’s techniques of photography and empty, worn-down settings make for a perfect backdrop for this dark approach at filmmaking. Often, films made in the style of film noir present audiences with a rugged, cynical, and disillusioned protagonist. While Joe Gillis of Sunset Boulevard does not necessarily match up to this persona at the beginning of the film, the arc of his character eventually molds him into such traits through his hopeless situation and building encounter with Norma. At the start of his story, Joe is depicted by a desperation intense enough that he is willing to give up his own dignity and respect by first lying to bill collectors and fleeing them in his unpaid car, then proceeding to beg for a Hollywood producer to buy his trite stories, and upon the failure of that attempt, stoops so low as to ask this same producer for money. It is this series of actions which eventually lead Joe up to the doorstep of this film’s femme fatale—a frequ... ... undoubtedly makes for a more somber tone to any scene. It is undeniable that from the first scene in which the audience is presented with Joe Gillis’s corpse to the last, where Norma walks boldly into the midst of newscasters, lost in her deranged world of eternal stardom, Sunset Boulevard was filmed with the technique of film noir. Overall, it is conclusive that Wilder’s picture Sunset Boulevard can accurately be recognized as a piece done in film noir style. With the customary cynical and brute protagonist that is discovered in the character of Joe Gillis, and the infamous presence of an unsuspecting femme fatale in the character of Norma Jean, it is evident that such archetypes belong in that style of film. Furthermore, the storyline which is fraught with dismal themes and gloomy, sinister visual effects make for the ideal film noir-styled motion picture.

Stranded

It has been three months on this island and no sign of human kind other than my sister and L every day is a challenge between shelter and food Saftey isn't even a factor in this situation it really is a great challenge. We are currently located at a abandoned ship beeched near some rocks. There were a couple of supplies we gathered along the was such as bottles, containers, planks and more. Saphlre my sister gashed her leg while searching for fich on a sea shell It has begun toget Infected, we are hoping to find some medical supplies on the ship. so have begun doing everything around here.The food situation Is not well. Its beginning to get chilly Inwlch the flsh are not near shore and the frlut is gone. we have nothing but small creatures to catch and eat. I have been hunting often attempting to find something larger but not succeeding. I don't know how long we can live In this type of situation. The weather patterns are so different since the war the Island should not be getting co ld. The seasons are rapidly changing and It Is maklng things harder and us weaker. It has been a week since her leg Injury and 1m beginning to worry. I can see the pain in her eyes.It is a struggle tor her to even speak im hoping she will survive. Hope is all that is left. have made the decision it we dont tind a new shelter we have no chance. have been working on a ratt and have gathered enough tood. We will be leaving tor sea in the early morning. My sister needs help. I have been placing maggots on her open wound and attempting to keep it clean that's all I can offer. Were on our way! just got us going, Hoping we will find land soon. packed enough food for two weeks, and enough water for three. Im hoping we find land before we run out.

Clients With Osteoporosis Questionnaire Health And Social Care Essay

Analysis of informations is a procedure of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and patterning informations with the end of foregrounding utile information, proposing decisions, and back uping determination devising. This chapter deals with the analysis and reading of informations collected from 30 samples on clients with Osteoporosis at Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Science and Research. This survey was done with questionnaire, structured evaluation graduated table and experimental checklist. Data analysis was done by utilizing descriptive and illative statistical process. The points were scored after appraisal and rating and the consequences were tabulated. The statistical methods used for analysis were average, standard divergence, gestural trial and correlativity.Description OF THE TOOLSDetailss of the tools in this survey are as follows ;PART- IDemographic variablesDemographic variables include age, gender, educational position, business, household monthly income, matrimonial position, faith, household history of co- morbid disease, diet and bad wonts.PART- IIStructured Rating ScaleStructured evaluation graduated table of Index of Severity of Osteoporosis by Lequesne appraisal tool was used to place the betterment in the wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis.PART- IIIIt includes Experimental Checklist of nursing intercessions for client with Osteoporosis.REPORT OF THE PILOT STUDYThe pilot survey was conducted on July of 2010 to happen out the effectivity of n ursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis in Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Melmaruvathur, Kanchipuram District for a period of two hebdomads. A Index of Severity of Osteoporosis by Lequesne and was used by the research worker and used to happen out the dependability, cogency which was evaluated by the experts of the research commission. A convenient sampling technique was used to choose three samples by agencies of structured evaluation graduated table to measure the wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. The nursing attention was provided as per the tool and wellness position was evaluated, eventually the research was analysed based on the mark. Therefore the nursing attention was extremely effectual on clients with Osteoporosis.CogencyThe tool was prepared by the research worker under the counsel of experts and on the footing of aims, which were assessed and evaluated, accepted by the experts of research commission. Content c ogency of this instrument was obtained from nursing experts.DependabilityThe dependability was checked by an interater method. The dependability was 0.80 by utilizing Cronbach & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s expression. After the nursing attention was provided, gestural trial was used and found that nursing intercessions was effectual.INFORMED CONSENTThe research worker obtained written consent from the Managing Director, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and from the Principal of Adhiparasakthi College of Nursing, Melmaruvathur. Oral consent was taken from the survey participant to carry on the survey. The information aggregation was done for six hebdomads by utilizing interview and experimental method.DATA COLLECTION PROCEDUREThe informations were collected from the Osteoporosis clients who were admitted in Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Orthopaedic ward for the six hebdomads of survey period. A good res onance was maintained with the clients in order to derive the co- operation of the clients throughout the survey. After roll uping demographic informations, appraisal was done with the aid of standardised evaluation graduated table. The nursing attention was given utilizing a experimental checklist. On the twenty-four hours of discharge the client & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s wellness position was evaluated with the aid of same structured evaluation graduated table.SCORE INTERPRETATIONThe mark was interpretated as follows ; Mark reading = Obtained score ten 100 Entire markSCORE DESCRIPTIONDescriptionPercentageHealthy Mild wellness impairment Moderate wellness impairment Severe wellness impairment Less than 25 % 25- 50 % 50- 75 % More than 75 %STATISTICAL METHODS.No.DATA ANALYSISMethodRemark1 Descriptive statistics Frequency per centum, Mean, Standard divergence To depict the demographic variables. 2 Inferential statistics 1.Sign trial 2.Correlation Analyzing the effectivity between pre appraisal and station rating of wellness position of the clients with Osteoporosis. Correlation between selected demographic variables and rating of wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. Data analysis and reading were done under following headers. Section- A: Distribution of selected demographic variables of clients with Osteoporosis. Section- B: Frequency and per centum distribution of wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis. Section- C: Comparison of mean and standard divergence of appraisal and rating mark of effectivity of nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis. Section- D: Mean and standard divergence of betterment mark for clients with Osteoporosis SECTION- Tocopherol: Correlation between selected demographic variables and effectivity of nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis.SECTION- A Table 4.1: Distribution of selected demographic variables of clients with OsteoporosisN= 30S.No.DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLESFrequencyPercentage1 Age ( In old ages ) 18- 32 33- 45 46- 58 & A ; gt ; 58 0 7 16 7 0 23.3 53.3 23.3 2 Gender Male Female 5 25 16.7 83.3 3 Education Status Illiterate Primary school Higher Secondary Graduate/ College 12 10 4 4 40 33.3 13.3 13.3 4 Occupation Employed Unemployed Retired Others 17 6 7 0 56.7 20.0 23.3 0 5 Family & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s monthly Income ( in Rs. ) Up to 2000 2001- 4000 4001- 6000 Above 6001 7 11 6 6 23.3 36.7 20 20 6 Marital Status Married Unmarried Widow/ Widower Divorced 21 0 9 0 70 0 30 0 7 Religion Hindoo Christian Moslem Others 10 5 15 0 33.3 16.7 50.0 0 8 History of any co- morbid disease Osteoporosis Other Orthopaedic Problems None Both 15 5 9 1 50.0 16.7 30.0 3.3 9 Diet Vegetarian Non- Vegetarian 15 15 50 50 10 Bad Habits Alcohol Smoking Both None 3 2 4 21 10 6.7 13.3 70 Table 4.1 implies the distribution of respondents harmonizing to certain demographic factors such as age, gender, educational position, business, household monthly income, matrimonial position, faith, household history of carbon monoxide ; morbid disease, diet and bad wonts. Out of 30 clients 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) clients were in the age group 33- 45 old ages, 16 ( 53.3 per centum ) clients were in the age group of 46- 58 old ages, 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) clients were in the age group of above 58 old ages. Most of the clients, 16 ( 53.3 per centum ) were in the age group of 46- 58 old ages. Sing gender 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) of clients are male and 25 ( 83.3 per centum ) of clients are female. Majority of clients, 25 ( 83.3 per centum ) were females. Out of 30 clients 12 ( 40 per centum ) clients are illiterate, 10 ( 33.3 per centum ) clients completed primary school, 4 ( 13.3 per centum ) clients completed high school, and 4 ( 13.3 per centum ) clients are graduate / college. Most of the clients, 12 ( 40 per centum ) are illiterate. Sing business 17 ( 56.7 per centum ) of clients are employed and 6 ( 20 per centum ) of clients are unemployed and 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) are retired. Majority of clients, 17 ( 56.7 per centum ) are illiterate. In instance of household monthly income up to Rs. 2000/- was drawn by 7 ( 23.3 per centum ) clients, 11 ( 36.7 per centum ) had monthly income of Rs. 2001/- to Rs. 4000/- , 6 ( 20 per centum ) were in the income group of Rs. 4001/- to Rs. 6000/- and 6 ( 20 per centum ) clients had a monthly income of above Rs. 6000/- . Most of the clients, 11 ( 36.7 per centum ) had monthly income of Rs. 2001/- to Rs. 4000/- While analyzing the matrimonial position of clients 21 ( 70 per centum ) are married and 9 ( 30 per centum ) were widower/ widow. Most of the clients 21 ( 70 per centum ) are married. 10 ( 33.3 per centum ) of clients are Hindu were as 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) of clients are Christian and 15 ( 50 per centum ) are Muslim. Majority 15 ( 50 per centum ) of clients are Muslim. Out of 30 clients 15 ( 50 per centum ) clients are with co- household history of Osteoporosis, 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) clients are with household history of other orthopedic jobs, 9 ( 30 per centum ) clients are with no co- morbid disease and 1 ( 3.3 per centum ) is with both household history of Osteoporosis every bit good as other orthopedic jobs, Most of the clients, 15 ( 50 per centum ) clients are with household history of Osteoporosis. Sing diet 15 ( 50 per centum ) of clients are vegetarian and 15 ( 50 per centum ) of clients are non- vegetarian. While analyzing the bad wonts 3 ( 10 per centum ) of clients are holding the wont of devouring intoxicant and 2 ( 6.7 per centum ) are of clients with the wont of smoke, 4 ( 13.3 per centum ) are with both the wonts. 21 ( 70 per centum ) of clients do non hold any bad wonts. Majority of clients, 12 ( 70 per centum ) do non hold any bad wonts.SECTION- B Table 4.2: Frequency and per centum distribution of wellness position of clients with OsteoporosisN= 30.S.NoHealth STATUSAppraisalEvaluationNumberPercentageNumberPercentage1 Healthy 0 0 5 16.7 2 Mild wellness impairment 6 20 24 70 3 Moderate wellness impairment 22 73.3 1 3.3 4 Severe wellness impairment 2 6.7 0 0 Table 4.2 shows that at the clip of immediate station operative period wellness position of clients were assessed, out of 30 clients 2 ( 6.7 per centum ) were in terrible wellness impairment, 22 ( 73.3 per centum ) were in moderate wellness impairment and 6 ( 20 per centum ) are in mild wellness impairment. At the clip of discharge the wellness position of clients were evaluated, out of 30 clients 5 ( 16.7 ) were healthy, 24 ( 70 per centum ) are in mild wellness impairment, merely 1 ( 3.3 per centum ) are in moderate wellness impairment and 5 ( 16.7 per centum ) were healthy.Section- C Table 4.3: Comparison of mean and standard divergence of appraisal and rating mark of clients with OsteoporosisN= 30.S.No.Health STATUSMeanStandardDeviationCONFIDENCE INTERVAL1 Appraisal 30.8 3.06 31.28- 28.2 2 Evaluation 16.96 3.94 17.96- 14.44 Table 4.3 indicates assessment average value 30.8 with standard divergence of 3.06 and rating mean value 16.96 with standard divergence of 3.94.SECTION- D Table 4.4 Mean and standard divergence of betterment mark for clients with OsteoporosisN= 30.S.No.Health STATUSMeanStandard DEVIATIONSecondValueKValue1 Improvement mark 13.83 3.64 2 5.38 **p & A ; lt ; 0.05 degree of significance Table 4.4 shows that betterment score average with 13.83 and standard divergence of 3.64. The K value is 2 and S value is 5.38. Since the deliberate value is greater than table value, it implies that there was statistically extremely important betterment in wellness position of clients with Osteoporosis after the post- operative nursing attention at 0.05 degree of significance. Thus the nursing attention on clients with Osteoporosis was effectual.Section- E Table 4.5: Correlation between the selected demographic variables with the effectivity of nursing attention of clients with Osteoporosis.S.No.DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLESAppraisalEvaluationRSevere wellness impairmentModerate wellness impairmentModerate wellness impairmentMild wellness impairmentNo.%No%No%No%1 Age ( In old ages ) 18- 32 33- 45 46- 58 & A ; gt ; 58 0 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 0 6 10 6 0 20 3.3 20 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 6 16 7 0 20 53.3 23.3 -0.3 2 Gender Male Female 0 2 0 6.7 3 19 10 63.3 0 1 0 3.3 5 24 16.7 80 -0.8 3 Education Status Illiterate Primary school Higher Secondary Graduate/ College 1 0 0 1 3.3 0 0 3.3 9 6 4 3 30 20 13.3 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 12 10 4 3 40 33.3 13.3 10 0.4* 4 Occupation Employed Un- employed Retired Others 4 2 0 0 13.3 6.7 0 0 12 4 6 0 40 13.3 20 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 16 6 7 0 53.3 20 23.3 0 -0.1 5 Family & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s monthly Income ( in Rs. ) Up to 2000 2001- 4000 4001- 6000 6001- 8000 0 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 5 8 4 5 16.7 26.7 13.3 16.7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 7 11 6 5 23.3 36.7 20 16.7 0.3 6 Marital Status Married Unmarried Widow/ Widower Divorced 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 0 16 0 6 0 53.3 0 20 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 20 0 9 0 66.7 0 30 0 -0.1 7 Religion Hindoo Christian Moslem Others 1 1 0 0 3.3 3.3 0 0 6 3 13 0 20 10 43.3 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 0 9 5 15 0 30 16.7 50 0 -0.2 8 Family history of any co- morbid disease Osteoporosis Other orthopedic jobs None Both 2 0 0 0 6.7 0 0 0 10 5 7 0 33.3 16.7 23.3 0 0 1 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 14 5 9 1 46.7 16.7 30 3.3 -0.2 9 Diet Vegetarian Non- vegetarian 1 1 3.3 3.3 11 11 36.7 36.7 14 15 46.7 50 1 0 3.3 0 -0.2 10 Bad wonts Alcohol Smoking Both None 0 1 0 1 0 3.3 0 3.3 1 1 1 19 3.3 3.3 3.3 63.3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 4 20 30 6.7 13.3 16.7 0.1 **p & A ; lt ; 0.05 degree of significance Table 4.5 indicates that there was statistically no important correlativity between selected demographic variables like age, gender, business, household monthly income, matrimonial position and faith, household history of co- morbid disease, diet and bad wonts. There is important correlativity in educational position.

Report of the death of Vicky Margaret who died at Albany hospital Case Study

Report of the death of Vicky Margaret who died at Albany hospital - Case Study Example Vicky Margaret was involuntarily admitted at Albany Hospital because the doctors found out that she had a mental illness, which could not allow her to make an informed decision about whether to get treatment (Hope, 2009). The doctors discovered that Margaret had a mental illness according to the statement given by her mother. The statement argued that the patient was diagnosed with the mental disorder after giving birth to her two children. The hospital diagnosed Mrs. Greeuw with bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. The results of the post mortem conducted by the Chief Forensic Pathologist, Dr Cookie, however, indicated that Vicky died from bowel obstructions. The report that comprised of photographs showed that the bowel obstructions resulted from constipation, which led to vomiting and piling up of faeces in the rectum of the deceased. Further investigation indicated that the medication used to treat the patient was capable of leading to constipation. The medication includes Oloz apine, Lamotrigine, Ferrograd, Benztropine, and chlorpromazine (Hope, 2009). All the prescriptions had side effects of leading to constipation, and the doctors failed to examine Vicky’s physical condition. This led to the severity of the case, which consequently led to the death of Vicky Margaret.... This led to the severity of the case, which consequently led to the death of Vicky Margaret. 1.1 Objectives of the report The main aim of preparing this report is to find out and analyze the causes of the death of Vicky Margaret. The report also aims at formulating recommendations that will help health institutions to prevent similar cases. Health institutions may integrate the recommendations in their policies to ensure that nurses and doctors attend to patients efficiently. 2.0 Background of the report The report was compiled using nursing and laboratory notes and reports, in addition to discussions with critical health officers such as psychiatrists, nurses, and general practitioners. 2.1 Analysis of the Case using the Human Factors Models The Human Factors Model explains that efficiency at the workplace is achieved when human characteristics are integrated into the system of a clinic. The human factors include effective communication, safe working tools, and healthy working condi tions. The theory argues that errors are reduced in the workplace when there is efficient communication, and workers use safe tools. In this case, the patient was not examined physically, and there was no proper communication between the doctors who treated Vicky. Griffies, the doctor who admitted Margaret, argued that he was not responsible for the treatment of the patient. Griffies failed to communicate with the doctor who treated Vicky, yet he had some information on her condition. The practitioners also ignored the treatment history of the patient, which shows that Vicky was treated with bowel obstructions in 2005, and she had been admitted to the hospital twelve times since 1989. The case would have been

Planet Earth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planet Earth - Essay Example This process is called migration and this cycle can be amazing. The largest land migration of any animal happens in the spring in Northern Canada when three million caribou march across the tundra. The spring is also marked by melting sea ice that broadens the deciduous forest and fattens the many water ways that thread their way across the land. The movement of water during the year is another significant cycle taking place daily on our planet. All life is dependant on water and many species spend a most of their time searching for and following water, like elephants and buffalo. The distribution of water also shapes our landscape; where water is prevalent the land is lush and green and where it is sparse the land is dry and barely inhabited. When this is the case we have desert and, sadly, the amount of land that is covered with desert is growing yearly. The desert experiences a lack of rain and rain is the source of all fresh water, which is essential to the survival of all species, plant and animal. The rain fattens our rivers and streams as the melting of the polar ice does.

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Union Law - Essay Example Problems arise every now and then when the acts and decisions of these EU institutions overlap or run into conflict with the mandates of their national counterparts. For example, the ECJ has rendered decisions that member states found incompatible with their own statutes as observed by their national courts. This paper discusses the EU setup as a unique constitutional body whose implementing arms sometimes perform acts that encroach upon the functions and purposes of the national institutions of member states, but it nonetheless succeeds in stringing the disparate Community members into a cohesive whole. Special attention is given to the ECJ whose role it is to implement the EU Constitution and laws, as well as interpret the EC treaties as these apply to specific cases on the national levels. Under Article 234 of the Constitution, the ECJ is tasked with giving preliminary rulings on interpretation of the treaties, the validity or legality of any acts of the EC institutions, and interpretation of the statutes of bodies established by an act of the Commission. In 146/73 Rheinmuhlen (1974) ECR 139, it was emphasized that Article 234 is "essential for the preservation of the EC character of the law established by the EU Treaty and has the object of ensuring that in all circumstances, the law is the same in all states of the Community." When questions of EC law arises, national courts may apply to ECJ for a preliminary ruling on matters of interpretation or validity, after which they may apply the law for their own purposes. In effect, the ECJ reviews the legality of acts passed by the European Parliament and Commission. EC Website (2002) points out that in safeguarding fundamental rights, the ECJ is expected to draw inspiration from the constitutional traditions of member st ates, such that it cannot uphold measures that are incompatible with the fundamental rights recognized and protected by the constitutions of member states. On paper, the ECJ appears to have effectively played its role of shaping a polity instrumental in bringing the Union to new levels of peace, stability and economic growth. However, the Court of Justice contends with accusations from time to time that it pursues an agenda that departs from the spirit of the treaties, from which it really derives its powers. The rest of this essay examines the ECJ acts and decisions in relation to specific cases to determine if there is any validity to such accusations. Community Method The most salient feature of the new Constitution for Europe, which was finalized in 2004, is the provisions on the so-called Community Method and on "subsidiarity." For the first time, the Constitution also gives European citizens the right to ask the Union to launch initiatives. Under the Community Method principle, the EU law has primacy over the law of member states. This means that any EU law is an integral part of the law in each member state, whose courts are duty-bound to apply it. As for subsidiarity, this new principle enshrined in the new Constitution dictates that if member states cannot transpose EU laws into national laws, the Community would act to see that the

The Joneses Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Joneses - Movie Review Example But little does the neighbourhood know they will be taken by storm by this new family, a family adept at selling the â€Å"American Dream†. The field capital theory is the application of social, economic and cultural capital amassed by a certain section of the society who â€Å"deploy it social arenas known as fields to compete for positions of authority, distinction and status† (Tapp, Warren, 2010, p.1). This competitive behaviour in human beings is of primary interest to marketers. Steve and Kate are the ideal business man-gorgeous wife couple. Kate is the object of envy among her peer circle – she is beautiful dressed in designer clothes and decked with latest accessories. Steve is the successful businessman, an object of admiration who has everything – a beautiful wide, a huge mansion and a collection of expensive status symbols ranging from cars to gadgets. They have wealth, an affluent and jazzy lifestyle. Jenn and Mick children of the affluent couple are a rage in their school as they go about living ostentatiously a hip and trendy lifestyle. They have cool clothes, fast cars and the latest gadgets. Steve and Kate own the finest property in the new suburban town with expensive interior decorative and highly priced fittings. The competition and a sort of internal rivalry due to excessive social admiration from all quarters are holding back the Joneses family form working together. A conflict of ego and self esteem is at play. Steve is being held back by his wife who refuses to be a friend to him and instead behaves in a rather professional way. Steve overcomes this oppression by breaking through this wall of ego and

Broken Windows Concept Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Broken Windows Concept - Research Paper Example Giuliani was dedicated to putting the theory into action. Bratton through the police had the law against subway fare evasion, public drinking, graffiti vandals strictly enforced. In 2007 and 2008 experiments were conducted by Kees Keizer colleagues of the University of Groningen to determine whether the effect of existing visible disorder increased the incidence of crime such as littering and theft. The experiment included urban location and done in two different ways. In one condition, the place was maintained orderly and free from broken windows and graffiti. The other conditions, the experiment in the same environment among other things windows broken, and graffiti were placed on the wall. The arrangement in the second condition appeared like nobody cared. The observations from the experiments supported the theory. Common misconceptions clearly imply that there is a connection with financial instability for those who commit crime and may be of minority status. As for RJ Sampson it does not necessarily mean that the use of racial circumstance to encode disorder, people racially prejudiced in the sense of personal hostility (Weisburd &Lum). A later study indicated that the disorder is an exogenous construct that has independent effects on how people feel about their neighborhoods a contradiction to Wilson and Kellings proposition. Many challengers and critics say that other than the physical disorder there are other factors that influence crime rate. In order to reduce crime rate, these factors need

The Catcher and the Rye Essay Example for Free

The Catcher and the Rye Essay The Biographical Lens applied to The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger expresses his view of society in his novel, The Catch in the Rye. His viewpoints are seen in the book through the eyes of young Holden Caulfield. This novel demonstrates modern-day dilemmas and complications that teenagers confront in life. Throughout this novel, Holden Caufield, the protagonist shows signs of clinical depression mourning over the death of his younger brother Allie which caused him to have a slight case of Tropophobia. There are many instances that sustain evidence against Holden Caufield’s depression which expose his continuous thoughts of suicide, his choice of withdrawal from society, and his incapability of viewing the beneficial aspects in life rather than the imperfect. Holden is convinced that society is full of â€Å"phonies† and nothing else, that all people have a side in which they should not be proud of, expect the younger generation, whom are completely innocent. Tropophobia, is a global issue where people who suffer from it have the fear of changes. Tropophobia is caused by severe trauma that is somehow linked to sudden changes. Holden has a slight case of this illness, caused by the death of his younger brother, Allie. This would explain the reason that Holden loves the Museum. Holden loves it because it never changes, it’s always the same and is always predictable. Holden Caufield demonstrates that he has continuous thoughts of suicide in the novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†. Holden shows symptoms of depression by giving up when life confronts him with a problem. There are two examples that express’ Holden’s feelings towards death that are exhibited in this novel. A major conflict in this story is when Holden and his roommate get into a dispute. Holden mourns while looking out the window and says â€Å"I felt so lonesome, all of a sudden. I almost wished I was dead† (page 48, chapter 7). This displays Holden’s suicidal thoughts when faced with a setback. Another instance that express’ Holden’s suicidal thoughts are viewed during a conflict with Maurice (a pimp in the hotel). Holden Caufield is afflicted by Maurice and entertains the thought of ending his life. â€Å"What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window.†(Page 104, chapter 14). As al ways, when problems arise, Holden seems incapable of resolving them and reasons the alternative of ending his life. This is revealed as a symptom of clinical depression. Holden Caufield also decides to withdraw himself from society. Holden makes this evident in multiple times throughout the novel. He chooses to outcast himself from his peers, family and from society. He demonstrates this aspect when he abruptly asks Sally to move to Massachusetts, â€Å" How would you like to get the hell out of here?What we could do is, tomorrow morning we could drive up to Massachusetts and Vermont, and all around there, see.†(Page 132, chapter 17). Holden chooses to withdraw himself from his peers and family to live alone and start over in an unfamiliar place. He wants to forget about all he ever knew (New York) and start over; his way of escaping his depressed and lonely surrounding. He displays this aspect once again when he intends to escape out west and live in a cabin away from society. He makes the decision to isolate himself from everyone he knows: â€Å"What I’d do, I figured, I’d go down to the Holland Tunnel and bum a ride, and then id bum another one, and another one, and another one, and in a few days I’d be somewhere out West where it was sunny and where nobody’d know me and id get a job.†(Page 198, chapter 25) He wants to completely isolate himself and extract from others: â€Å"I thought what I’d do was, I’d pretend I was one of those deaf-mutes. That way I wouldn’t have to have any goddam stupid useless conversations with anybody.†(Page 198, chapter 25). He desires to extort himself from civilization. Holden caufield is incapable of recognizing the beneficial aspects in life rather than the imperfect. Holden doesn’t see the positive qualities in people and views the negative. He calls others (including his peers and family) â€Å"phonies†. There are many moments throughout the novel where Holden is judgmental regarding people he’s never encountered before. He claims that they’re deceiving and â€Å"phony† when he hardly knows them. For instance, before Holden Caufield encounters Sally’s friend at the play (â€Å"strictly ivy league†, page 127, chapter 17) he says â€Å"Then all of a sudden, she saw some jerk she knew on the other side of the lobby† (Page 127, chapter 17). Holden calls Sally’s friend a jerk before he even meets him, as he contemplates negative thoughts from the commencement of things. Additionally, Holden calls a considerate and thoughtful teacher by the name of Mr. Spencer, deceptive: â€Å"Even the couple of nice teachers on the faculty, they were phonies, too†¦There was this one old guy, Mr. Spencer.† (page 168, chapter 22) Mr. Spencer is extremely considerate and concerning towards Holden; when he invites him over to his house to say good-bye: â€Å"I’m trying to help you. I’m trying to help you, if I can.†(Page 14, chapter 2). He calls many things around him phony, these phony things are usually things he relates to adulthood. Not only does Holden fear adulthood himself, but he also wants to save others from becoming adults. As he explains about his dream job that Holden’s only place in life is to catch kids who fall from the rye. J.D. Salinger uses the term falling because falling into or towards something is usually used in a negative aspect. Holden is a depressed character; he reveals the negative traits of people fr om the beginning, instead of admiring the respectable qualities they have. J. D. Salinger uses symbolism in several occasions, he shows Holden’s curiosity about the ducks in the lagoon. Holden doesn’t understand how the ducks are so adequate with change while he fears it so much. The author also mentions the strangeness of Holden’s hat, this represents his uniqueness and how he doesn’t want to become like other people, like adults. The red hunting hat is also symbolic in the way that both Allie’s and Phoebe’s hair is red, this represents how Holden wants to be like them; the fact that they are both young and innocent attracts Holden to want to be like them. The protagonist in J.D Salinger’s novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, Holden Caufield is portrayed as a clinically depressed character. He is suicidal, constantly contemplating negative thoughts, and isolates himself from civilization. It is revealed that depression amongst youth is not easily overcome as is the grieving process of progressing after a significant loss in their life. Bibliography Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print.

Team And Leadership Effectiveness In The Workplace

Team And Leadership Effectiveness In The Workplace Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts toward goal achievement in a given situation. In essence, leadership involves accomplishing goals with and through people (Hersey and Blanchard, 1993). Leaders envisage the future; they motivate organisation members and impart values-whether they are concerned for honesty, hard work, quality and taking calculated risk or concern for customers and employees. It seems there is no common definition of leadership , perhaps it is because the leadership concept is complicated and fuzzy. According to Robert Tannenbaum, Irving R. Weschler and Fred Massarik leadership is defined as interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specialized goal or goals. Leadership is about showing the way, by going in advance, and influencing the behaviour of others. It refers to introducing new business behaviour, practices, o r technologies, which demonstrate that sustainable development is possible (Sommer, 2003) Todays business leaders have identified two important factors that could drive success in organisations of world class cadre- continually enhancing performance by becoming faster, better and more effective, and including all employees in Performance improvement can be achieved only by enhancing the processes within an organisation. Since the processes are created and operated by the people, the only way to enhance performance would be through people. Therefore continuous effective improvement depends on the capability of managers to guarantee that each and every one becomes involved in enhancing performance, work efficaciously in teams in order to analyse processes, and study problems to implement solutions. Leadership Under the leadership of Mr. Narayan Murthy, the ex-chairman of the Infosys, the company has ended up being one of the most successful IT companies in the world. Infosys Technologies Ltd is one of the leading IT companies In India and worldwide. It is now a global leader in the Next Generation of IT and Consulting. Starting in 1981, Infosys witnessed its corporate success in a short time. Although the company started functioning almost twenty five years ago, it is in the recent times that it experienced strong growth. Ever since it started the company has had a remarkable growth in terms of revenue. Revenue in 1994 was only US$9.5million but in 2005 Infosys revenue touched US$2billion which was only half this revenue in 2004. There is a saying that Great companies can neither be built nor their greatness sustained without great leaders, the above results clearly proves that Mr. Murthy is one such great leader who lead the company to the success path. According to the Hay group review, a global management consulting firm, of 1249 leaders from prominent organisations functioning in the Indian market, about 60% create a de-motivating climate and do not employ those who can lead. It also found only 18% develop an engaging climate that promotes high performance. So today it is so very much necessary for many organisations to create motivating climate and engage people who can lead effectively. The successful organisation has one major attribute that sets it apart from unsuccessful organisations: dynamic and effective leadership (Hersey and Blanchard, 1993). Infosys took an initiative in this direction and opened Infosys leadership institute where it intends to grow leaders. The Leadership development program at Infosys Leadership Institute targets to produce a collective pool of leaders and shape them to take on present and future challenges in business. The Infosys Leadership Institute offers a wide range of organisational and individual development sessions to expound business problems. At Infosys they believe that a good leader can be only one who uses all different styles of leadership with one of them usually dominating and a bad leader is one who sticks to one style. At Infosys it is not that only the top management gives suggestions to support its vision and manage agility, uncertainty and ambiguity at all circumstances. Courtesy: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/swami_lalita-161501-infosys-leadership-ob-education-ppt-powerpoint/ The leadership believes in taking valuable suggestions from its young achievers in the company. The Chairman diagnosed that young achievers in the company were wavering to come forth with their ideas. These people had a great value to add to the company but could not give in to the discussions feeling in secured of infracting hierarchy. Mr. Murthy communicated to be open minded and encouraged the young achievers to speak. He found that the suggestions and thoughts given by them had a lot of substance and can significantly help the company. The leaders at Infosys are so very much adaptable, bothered significantly over the above issue they built a leadership institute where they can develop and groom leaders from its promising employees irrespective of the hierarchy and provide them the opportunity to help build the company. Today many organisations are facing talent problem, where people are being rushed into activities they are unaware of or assigned to jobs for which they have inadequate preparations. Due to the phenomenal growth of India in last 5 to 10 years people were getting promoted before their time and these people held a wrong perception of empowerment. Even though they had the authority, they lacked in terms of experience and credence to be true leaders. If organisations have to maintain conservative growth estimates, much of todays leaders need to motivate the employees who work for them. If not able to successfully motivate, it would be difficult to keep employees sticking around long enough to progress them into competent leaders. So it becomes very important to have motivating climate in any company in order to enhance its own performance. According to Hersey and Blanchard(1993), in leading or influencing there are three competencies of Leadership: Diagnosing-being able to understand the situation you are trying to influence, Adapting-being able to adapt your behaviour and other resources you have available to meet the contingencies of the situation, Communicating-being able to communicate in a way that people can easily understand and accept. The soul of leadership competencies in Infosys rest in their vision statement which reads as: We will be a globally respected corporation that provides best of breed business solutions, leveraging technology, delivered by best in Class people. To achieve their vision, leadership competencies have been marked along four dimensions: Work, people, technology and business. Each of these is further exaggerated into smaller functional terms in the graphic shown below. Courtesy: http://www.thehindu.com/businessline/praxis/pr0304/03040380.pdf The Infosys leadership institutes primary goal is to assist the company to counter the explicit challenges of now and in the future. They believe that by improving the quality of leadership they can handle its phenomenal growth, with stand the complexities of the market and swiftly changing environment, and through thought leadership they can develop higher customer value. Courtesy: http://www.thehindu.com/businessline/praxis/pr0304/03040380.pdf At Infosys in order to increase their quality of leadership they use a Nine pillar model of leadership development. At Infosys, for leadership development these nine pillars are functional elements. For the development of leadership competencies at discrete level each pillar has its own distinct importance. 360-degree appraisal: It is method of consistently collecting data about an individuals performance and potential from a broad range of co-workers. This may include the manager, direct reportees, peers and both internal and external customers. It is an organised method of gathering and processing data and gives the employee an opportunity to express on his valuable information. The response received from 360-degree feedback is used as a foundation to direct the person in gaining new skills and improving existing skills all arranged to the leadership competencies model. Development assignments: They are a traditional and powerful form of leadership development. Potential employees are allowed to have experience in various functions through Cross functional assignments and internal job rotations. Development assignments help an employee to gain practical leadership skills outside their zone of experience. Development relationships: Mentoring is viewed as a developmental relationship in the framework of leadership development. In order to transfer and share knowledge and experience, one-on-one relationships in work scenes are facilitated. This mentoring for leadership program is functional and learning from this course will be utilized to refine and broaden the element of leadership development throughout the organisation. Leadership skills training: It is a process by which individuals in the organisation go through a sequence of learning interventions on matter relevant to leadership. A Leaders teach series was formed in which the board of directors including the chairman, the Managing director, and the Chief Executive Officer hold a workshop with help of leadership institute faculty for the development of future leaders. Feedback Intensive program: These are comprehensive behavioural interventions based on informal and formal feedback taken from people that the individual interfaces with. These programs are structured in a way that individuals give and receive feedback in an environment that is non-threatening and could generate a workable plan for goal setting for progressive professional and personal development. Action Learning: It is a real time experience which is time based used to crack systematic, unresolved and real organisational problems. It is termed as a pragmatic process directed at producing a resolution a problem that has been identified by the organisation and a workable plan is designed for goal setting and strategies for progressive development to attain them. Systematic process Learn: It is an intervention that will enable individuals to view the organisation as system in whole which consists of many interacting sub systems. It is intended to yield plan for continuous advancement in systematic processes and details as to how a participant will initiate such an improvement. Community Empathy: The organisation holds a fundamental belief the social conscience requires to be nurtured and improved in each of its potential leaders. And the value of this community empathy aligns with the above fundamental belief. The Infosys leadership holds an ambition to opportunities for potential candidates on a regular structured basis to enrol themselves in cause outside the company that contribute to good of the less fortunate. Infosys culture workshop: These workshops are intended to help individuals to understand the purpose processes and the core values in ambience of leadership development. These workshops have been designed to in a way that allows expansive interaction among the individuals leading to strengthening of the Infosys culture and ensuring enough authorization to assure adherence to the culture of the company. Leadership traits: According to Warren Bennis, leaders should empower their organisations to develop an environment where people feel important, competence and learning matter, people are part of the team, and work is interesting. Leaders should also be creating an environment where standard matters and dedication to work enthuses effort. According to Huczynski and Buchanan, a charismatic leader holds the following characteristics: Visioning- providing a luxurious and extraordinary total dining experience that delights customers, empowering- giving staff a voice, showing confidence and trust, allowing staff to influence what they do, experiencing high standards,energizing- communicating vision, making staff feel part of something special, aiming for perfection, excitement, joy, passion in the work. The transactional leader a leader who treats relationships with followers in terms of an exchange, giving followers what they want in return for what the leaders desires, following prescribed tasks to pursue established goals( Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007) Transformational leader- a leader who treats relationships with followers in terms of motivation and commitment influencing and inspiring followers to give more than mere compliance to improve organizational performance( Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007) Traits that are found most often to be feature of successful leaders as per Yukl are: Assertive, cooperative, dependable, decisive, dominant, persistent, energetic, self-confident, willingness to assume responsibility, tolerant to stress, alert to social environment, adaptable to situations, achievement oriented and ambitious. Empirical research studies suggest that leadership is a dynamic process, varying from situation to situation with changes in the leader, the followers and the situation. Because of this, while there may be helping or hindering traits in a given situation, there is no universal set of traits that will ensure leadership success (Hersey and Blanchard, 1993) Team Work: Teams that can bring and stick employees together to investigate problems to implement solutions would be one of the best ways to increase productivity and product quality. And teams which can continually improve can be considered as powerful tools any organisation can use to ensure employees remain firmly focussed on meeting business goals and customer needs. Employers emphasis the significance of employees working as a team and apprise for people who hold the quality to work in such a way. Team work comes into consideration when there is a need to utilize different strengths of employees and goodness of cooperation. Principles of team work: Understanding the team is very important, as a team member he/she should know the following things: Roles and responsibilities operations of a team advantages of working as a team for individuals(motivation, job satisfaction, pride, external qualification) advantages of working as a team for the organisation (improved results due to increases in quality and productivity) Probable disadvantages of teams(Conflicts, domination) Working relations: Characteristics of a good team member Different working relationship problems with members and colleagues in other groups Team and leadership activities in order to improve team work success Team activities: The team should contribute to constant improvement activities, brainstorm activities, performance reviews, team briefings, problem resolution sessions, question and answer sessions, and team and individual appraisals. The team should be reading and contribute to team boards. The team should use internal network systems or e-mail to support communication. The team must keep displays and visuals updated. Leadership activities: Setting team objectives and goals, action planning, and recognising achievable business targets. Distribution and monitoring of team members, deciding on employee role and responsibilities, team work-load prioritization to make sure targets are met efficiently and effectively. Supervising the team performance against the objectives and goals, managing ineffective and poor performance, encouraging and motivating team members, developing a cohesive work-team through teambuilding approaches, analysis the training needs, creation of skills matrix, mentoring, team and individual appraisals, communication and consultation with management, peers and sub-ordinates and subject specialists, successfully managing conflict and tensions, grievance and disciplinary procedures. Conclusion: This paper shows the leadership in Infosys, one of the most successful IT Company in the world. Mr. Narayan Murthy, the Ex-chairman of the company has been a true leader and shows what a brilliant visionary he is. Under his leadership the company has grown tremendously within twenty five years of its existence. At Infosys they believed that a good leader can only be one who uses all different styles of leadership with one of them usually dominating. At Infosys, in order to improve the quality of leadership a leadership development program was initiated by opening the Infosys Leadership institute. This leadership Institute offers a wide range of organisational and individual development sessions to expound business problems and targets to produce a collective pool of leaders and shape them to take on present and future challenges in business. In order to achieve their vision, leadership competencies are marked along four dimensions of Work, people, technology and business. The Infosys believe that by improving the quality of leadership they can handle its phenomenal growth, with stand the complexities of the market and swiftly changing environment, and through thought leadership they can develop higher customer value. The Nine Pillar model of leadership development is used to improve the quality of leadership and as a consultant I would suggest the other company to use the Nine Pillar model as a basis to develop a similar model to improve their quality of leadership. About the team work it is now evident that it comes into consideration when there is a need to virtue of cooperation and use various strengths of employees. By understanding the principles of team work, and the team and leadership activities to be carried out properly could result in improvement in teamwork success.